Is Osteoarthritis Hereditary? Associated Genes & Epigenetics 

Is osteoarthritis hereditary? Here’s everything you should know. 

Osteoarthritis isn't just a topic of medical curiosity; it's a pressing concern for the astounding 3.9 million Canadians (13.6% of the population) living with it. What are the roots of this condition, and could genetics pass this condition on?

In this article, we'll dive into the genetic backdrop of osteoarthritis, unpacking the science behind it, and highlighting how it affects daily lives. We’ll also cover a little-known resource for those suffering from the effects of osteoarthritis– The Disability Tax Credit. 

Now, let's dive into the central question: is osteoarthritis hereditary?

Understanding Osteoarthritis

There are over 100 forms of arthritis, but osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common types.  It's a degenerative condition that worsens over time, with no known cure.

Osteoarthritis occurs when cartilage, the tissue cushioning bones' ends, breaks down. This leads to bones rubbing together, causing pain and potentially forming bony spurs or osteophytes.

Common symptoms include pain, stiffness, and swelling in joints. OA is more common after age 50 and often affects weight-bearing joints like knees and hips. However, it can also occur in younger people, especially with joint injuries or genetic predisposition.

Unlike autoimmune arthritis forms like rheumatoid arthritis, OA is mainly a "wear and tear" disease. Yet, the question remains: is osteoarthritis hereditary? We'll explore this, alongside other risk factors, in the next sections.

Is Osteoarthritis Hereditary?

The question of whether osteoarthritis (OA) is hereditary is complex. 

While not always directly inherited, there is evidence to suggest that some people may inherit a higher risk of developing OA. The exact mechanism of how this increased risk is passed down through families isn't fully understood yet.

Research indicates that genetics play a role in 40–70% of OA cases, with a more pronounced genetic link in cases involving the hips, hands, and spine. Hereditary forms of OA often result from mutations in genes crucial for bone and cartilage formation and maintenance. Such forms of OA can manifest early in life and progress rapidly.

What Genes Could Be Related To OA Development? 

In a 2015 review, researchers isolated groups of genes that may increase the risk of developing specific types of arthritis. 

• Bone Density Genes: The presence of certain variants in genes like VDR (vitamin D receptor) and ESR1 (estrogen receptor alpha) can modify estrogen receptor functioning. This alteration is linked to a heightened likelihood of osteoarthritis, especially affecting the knees. Additionally, variations in the VDR gene can specifically influence the development of OA in the hands.

• Cartilage Structure Genes: Variations in genes such as COL2A1, COL9A3, and COL11A1 play a role in the health and integrity of cartilage and connective tissue. These genetic differences can lead to accelerated cartilage wear, predominantly in the knee and hip areas.

• Chondrocyte Signaling Genes: Certain genetic changes in BMP5, FRZB, and IL-4Rα genes tend to impact women more significantly, increasing the propensity for developing osteoarthritis in the hips, knees, and potentially other joints.

While a genetic predisposition can increase your risk, it doesn’t guarantee you'll develop OA. Lifestyle choices, joint health, and proactive management play significant roles in both the prevention and progression of the condition.

Other Factors Contributing to Osteoarthritis Development

While genetics play a significant role in osteoarthritis, it's a multifaceted condition influenced by various other factors:

Epigenetic Changes: Epigenetics involves changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself. In OA, epigenetic modifications can result from environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and even aging. These changes may affect how genes related to cartilage and bone health are expressed, potentially increasing the risk of developing OA.

Age: The risk of developing OA increases with age. As we grow older, the cumulative wear and tear on our joints can lead to the degradation of cartilage, a key factor in OA.

Joint Injuries: Injuries to joints, such as those sustained in sports, accidents, or through repetitive strain, can precipitate the onset of OA. Damaged joints are more susceptible to wear and tear, accelerating the development of osteoarthritis.

Obesity: Excess body weight puts additional stress on weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips, increasing the risk of OA. Furthermore, fat tissue produces inflammatory substances that may contribute to joint deterioration.

Occupation and Lifestyle: Occupations or activities that involve repetitive stress on certain joints can increase the risk of OA. For example, jobs requiring kneeling, squatting, or heavy lifting may predispose individuals to knee or hip OA.

Muscle Weakness: Weak muscles, especially around the joints, can lead to improper joint alignment and increased wear on the cartilage.

Gender: Women are more likely to develop OA, particularly after menopause, which might be linked to hormonal changes affecting bone density and cartilage.

By understanding these various factors, individuals can take proactive steps to manage their risk of OA. 

Lifestyle interventions such as maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise to strengthen muscles and improve joint flexibility, and avoiding joint overuse can be effective in preventing or slowing the progression of osteoarthritis. Awareness of how these elements interact with genetic predispositions can help in creating a comprehensive approach to joint health.

Linking Osteoarthritis to the Disability Tax Credit

Now that we understand the complexities of osteoarthritis, including its genetic and lifestyle factors, it's essential to address a critical concern for many living with osteoarthritis: financial support. For those grappling with the daily challenges of osteoarthritis, the Disability Tax Credit (DTC) in Canada can be a lifeline. Let’s see how this tax credit is particularly relevant for individuals with osteoarthritis and what benefits it offers.

What is the Disability Tax Credit?

The Disability Tax Credit is a non-refundable tax credit aimed at providing financial relief to Canadians living with significant health conditions, including osteoarthritis. OA can qualify as a disability under this program, especially in severe cases where it impedes day-to-day activities and necessitates additional care or support.

Why OA Sufferers Should Consider the Disability Tax Credit

Financial Support for Osteoarthritis Costs: The DTC can help offset the financial burdens associated with OA, such as medical treatments, physical therapy, and mobility aids.

Flexibility in Claiming: Either the person with OA or a supporting family member can claim the credit, providing flexibility and support where it's most needed.

Potential for Retroactive Claims: You may be eligible to claim the DTC retroactively for up to 10 years, offering significant financial recuperation for past expenses related to OA.

Access to Additional Benefits: Approval for the DTC can lead to eligibility for other programs like the Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP), enhancing long-term financial planning.

How True North Disability Services Help

Dealing with osteoarthritis and its financial implications can be overwhelming, but you’re not alone. True North Disability Services offers expert assistance in navigating the DTC application process. We’re experienced in handling cases involving osteoarthritis and can provide:

• Personalized guidance on DTC eligibility.
• Support with assembling required medical evidence.
• A full 10-year tax assessment.
• Invaluable expertise in communicating the specific impacts of OA to the Canada Revenue Agency.
• Increased chances of approval. 

If osteoarthritis is affecting your financial well-being, the Disability Tax Credit could offer the support you need. Reach out to True North Disability Services for a free personalized consultation to determine your eligibility and start your journey toward a more secure financial future.

Summary: Is Osteoarthritis Hereditary? Plus Financial Support Insights

So, is osteoarthritis hereditary? Osteoarthritis (OA) has a complex cause: it's partly hereditary, with genes like VDR, ESR1, and COL2A1 influencing risk, particularly in bone density and cartilage structure. Epigenetic factors and lifestyle choices also play significant roles in its development. 

If you suffer from osteoarthritis, keep in mind that Canadians with OA can find financial relief through the Disability Tax Credit, which helps manage the condition's impact on life.